In-Group Love Versus Out-Group Hate: Which Is More Important to Partisans and When?

Affective polarization is on the rise, driving historically high levels of negative feelings towards out party members. When political intergroup conflict occurs, what is the primary reaction that people have: do they run to defend their in-group, or do they lash out against the out-group? Are there conditions under which this decision changes? We test these questions in a series of 4 studies. CONT.

Karyn Amira, Jennifer Cole Wright & Daniela Goya-Tocchetto, Political Behavior